TY - JOUR
T1 - Bioformulation-Mediated Response of Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata Wall. ex Nees, Family Acanthaceae) for Growth, Yield, and Quality
AU - Pavan Gowda, M.
AU - Sharangi, Amit B.
AU - Rab, Safia Obaidur
AU - Saeed, Mohd
AU - Alabdallah, Nadiyah M.
AU - Siddiqui, Samra
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.
PY - 2025/2/25
Y1 - 2025/2/25
N2 - A pot culture experiment with nine treatments and three separate replications was established in a completely randomized design (CRD). It was evaluated at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (Agricultural University) in Mohanpur, WB, India, for 2 years in a row from January to June in 2021 and 2022. The experiment comprising nine bioformulation treatments, namely, T1: recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF, 20 t FYM + 75:75:50 kg NPK ha-1), T2: farmyard manure (FYM) @ 20 t ha-1, T3: T2 + 3% panchagavya, T4: T2 + 6% panchagavya, T5: T2 + 9% panchagavya, T6: T2 + 5% jeevamrutha, T7: T2 + 7.5% jeevamrutha, T8: T2 + 10% jeevamrutha, and T9: control (no nutrients and bioformulations), was evaluated for the growth, quality, and yield of kalmegh along with the study of soil characteristics for two consecutive years. Pooled results revealed that T5 had the highest values for plant height (74.45 cm), plant spread (36.36 cm2), primary (26.26) and secondary (29.18) branch number per plant, number of leaves (94.01) and leaf area (559.50 cm2) per plant, fresh (42.94 g) and dry (18.85 g) herbage yield per plant, total chlorophyll (4.392 mg g-1), and total andrographolides (2.925%). Out of these, plant height (73.39 cm), primary branch number per plant (25.61), leaf parameters (89.46; 530.83 cm2), fresh and dry herb yields (42.00 g and 18.16 g per plant, respectively), and total chlorophyll and andrographolides (3.294 mg g-1 and 2.802%, respectively) were on par with T4. Soil organic carbon (0.84%), available N (274.88 kg ha-1), P (31.72 kg ha-1), and K (293.87 kg ha-1), total count of bacteria (242.50 × 105 CFU g-1 dry soil), fungi (191.33 × 104 CFU g-1 dry soil), and actinomycetes (199.17 × 105 CFU g-1 dry soil) in soil after harvest were the highest in T5, followed by T4. So, the use of 9% panchagavya or 6% panchagavya in organically grown kalmegh will sustain crop production by improving soil health.
AB - A pot culture experiment with nine treatments and three separate replications was established in a completely randomized design (CRD). It was evaluated at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (Agricultural University) in Mohanpur, WB, India, for 2 years in a row from January to June in 2021 and 2022. The experiment comprising nine bioformulation treatments, namely, T1: recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF, 20 t FYM + 75:75:50 kg NPK ha-1), T2: farmyard manure (FYM) @ 20 t ha-1, T3: T2 + 3% panchagavya, T4: T2 + 6% panchagavya, T5: T2 + 9% panchagavya, T6: T2 + 5% jeevamrutha, T7: T2 + 7.5% jeevamrutha, T8: T2 + 10% jeevamrutha, and T9: control (no nutrients and bioformulations), was evaluated for the growth, quality, and yield of kalmegh along with the study of soil characteristics for two consecutive years. Pooled results revealed that T5 had the highest values for plant height (74.45 cm), plant spread (36.36 cm2), primary (26.26) and secondary (29.18) branch number per plant, number of leaves (94.01) and leaf area (559.50 cm2) per plant, fresh (42.94 g) and dry (18.85 g) herbage yield per plant, total chlorophyll (4.392 mg g-1), and total andrographolides (2.925%). Out of these, plant height (73.39 cm), primary branch number per plant (25.61), leaf parameters (89.46; 530.83 cm2), fresh and dry herb yields (42.00 g and 18.16 g per plant, respectively), and total chlorophyll and andrographolides (3.294 mg g-1 and 2.802%, respectively) were on par with T4. Soil organic carbon (0.84%), available N (274.88 kg ha-1), P (31.72 kg ha-1), and K (293.87 kg ha-1), total count of bacteria (242.50 × 105 CFU g-1 dry soil), fungi (191.33 × 104 CFU g-1 dry soil), and actinomycetes (199.17 × 105 CFU g-1 dry soil) in soil after harvest were the highest in T5, followed by T4. So, the use of 9% panchagavya or 6% panchagavya in organically grown kalmegh will sustain crop production by improving soil health.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85218432182
U2 - 10.1021/acsomega.4c09531
DO - 10.1021/acsomega.4c09531
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85218432182
VL - 10
SP - 6927
EP - 6938
JO - ACS Omega
JF - ACS Omega
IS - 7
ER -
