Cannabis sativa in Phytotherapy: Reappraisal of Therapeutic Potential and Regulatory Aspects

Cannabis sativa is widely used as a folk medicine in many parts of the globe and has been reported to be a treasure trove of phytoconstituents, including cannabinoids, terpenoids, and flavonoids. Accumulating evidence from various pre-clinical and clinical studies revealed the therapeutic potential of these constituents in various pathological conditions, including chronic pain, inflammation, neurological disorders, and cancer. However, the psychoactive effect and addiction potential associated with Cannabis use limited its clinical application. In the past two decades, extensive research on Cannabis has led to a resurgence of interest in the clinical application of its constituents, particularly cannabinoids. This review summarizes the therapeutic effect and molecular mechanism of various phytoconstituents of Cannabis. Furthermore, recently developed nanoformulations of Cannabis constituents have also been reviewed. Since Cannabis is often associated with illicit use, regulatory aspects are of vital importance and this review therefore also documented the regulatory aspects of Cannabis use along with clinical data and commercial products of Cannabis.