Current Scenario of Antimicrobials Agents and Their Applications

Antimicrobial agents are one of the most extensively and probably injudiciously prescribed class of pharmacological agents that have come long way over decades. Starting from the revolutionary discovery of penicillin till the emerging nanotechnology to develop nanobiotics, the mankind has witnessed the evolution of antimicrobials and how they have reduced the human sufferings by treating broad spectrum of infectious diseases. These drugs function by either eliminating or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms. Antimicrobial agents can be broadly classified into three primary groups: disinfectants, antiseptics, and antibiotics. Antibiotics, a specific subset of antimicrobial drugs, are employed with the objective of killing or inhibiting the growth and progress of microbes within the human body. This category includes antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitic drugs. Despite their widespread application and success in eradicating the broad spectrum of infectious diseases, the injudicious usage of antibiotics has given rise to the resistant strains that are hard to treat and are major global threat. Therefore, it is essential to understand the goals and correct application of antimicrobial agents. The Infectious Diseases Society of America has provided clear evidence-based practice guidelines that provide suitable therapeutic management for definite infectious diseases caused by specific microorganisms. The guiding principles are applicable with respect to host criteria, therapeutic responses, and cost. Advancement in nanomaterial and technologies has given new horizons and a sustainable solution to the antimicrobial resistance due to its unique mode of action on nanoparticles on microbial pathogens, and it is considered as a technology revolution’s twenty-first-century weapon. This emerging field of nanotechnology requires immense effort and expenditure for the progression and evolution of novel pharmaceutical drug system.