Evaluating the construct validity of UroLift simulator through a virtual learning experience of urology residents

Introduction: Simulations are useful and can mirror the situations needed for skills development. They can have significant impacts on patient safety and help physicians gain proficiency in complex procedures with a short learning curve. They have been validated as an assessment tool and can utilize innovative machines or platforms. Here, we evaluate the construct validity and the performance of residents with different levels using UroLift (NeoTract) simulation. Methods: This was a prospective observational study. Two groups of trainees were distributed according to their training level: junior residents and senior residents. Each had to finish three cases of varying difficulties. The data were first tested with the Shapiro-Wilk normality test. Construct validity used an independent sample t-Test; P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Significant differences were seen in performance among junior residents and senior residents in the following skills: proximal centering, mucosal abrasion, and implants in proximal zones. However, insignificant results were seen for number of deployments, successful deployments, lateral suture centering, and implants in the distal zones. Conclusion: UroLift simulations are useful for training as a practicing tool. Nevertheless, objective performance evaluation using UroLift simulations requires further steps and frameworks as a source of validity before further result interpretation.