Factors Influencing Social Interaction among Neighborhood Residents in Public Open Spaces: A Review

Sustainability is built on three key pillars: economic, environmental, and social. Among these, social sustainability has received the least scholarly attention. This study explores social sustainability with a focus on social interaction in public open spaces, identifying the factors that influence such interactions among neighborhood residents. Specifically, it seeks to answer the research question: What are the key factors that influence social interaction in public open spaces within residential neighborhoods? A qualitative content analysis is employed, synthesizing insights from academic articles, papers, and books. Additionally, a comparative case study approach is used to analyze multiple cases, revealing relationships, differences, and similarities. The findings highlight that a well-designed environment is crucial for fostering social interaction. Three main categories influencing social interaction in public open spaces are identified: Demographic Characteristics of Neighborhood Residents (DCNR), Physical Characteristics of Recreational Facilities (PCRF), and Social Sustainability Characteristics (SSC). The study concludes that integrating these factors into public space design can enhance social cohesion and community well-being. By emphasizing social sustainability in urban planning and policymaking, this research underscores the need for inclusive, vibrant neighborhoods. Addressing the identified factors enables urban planners and designers to strengthen community ties and improve overall urban quality of life.