Isolation and Characterization of Cholera Toxin Gene-Positive Vibrio cholerae Non-O1/Non-O139 Isolated from Urinary Tract Infection: A Case Report

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by V. cholerae is rare and less common. V. cholerae is a Gram-negative bacterium motile using single polar flagellum and, originally, is a waterborne microbe found in aquatic and estuarine environments. Toxigenic V. cholerae is well-known as a causative agent of acute and excessive watery diarrhea after ingesting food and water contaminated with this bacterium. Case Presentation: A 27-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department on 17th July 2021 with burning micturition, normal vital signs, and no fever, vomiting, or diarrhea. In 2017, the patient complained of short stature and vitamin D deficiency. He was on human growth hormone from January 2018 till October 2019. The diagnosis was V. cholerae Non-O1/non-O139 urinary tract infection (UTI). Considering a urinary tract infection, empirical treatment with Lornoxicam and Ciprofloxacin was initiated, while the result of urine culture was still pending. The patient was discharged on the same day and without any complications. Conclusion: V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 is primarily a marine inhabitant and is associated with sporadic cases resulting in cholera-like diarrhea after consumption of contaminated seafood and exposure to seawater. Extraintestinal infection associated with this bacterium should no longer be ignored as this change in the behavior of cholera bacteria mechanism of pathogenicity might be related to some associated virulence genes.