Monomer Leaching and Cytocompatibility Analyses of Bioactive Glasses-Based Dental Resin Infiltrants

Resin infiltrants (RI) have been used clinically to arrest early carious lesions by the infiltration mechanism, and bioactive materials have been incorporated in RI to achieve remineralization. Bioactive glasses (BGs), a third-generation biomaterial, have extensive clinical applications. In this study, three types of BGs, that is, 45S5 (RI-S), fluoridated-BG (RI-F), and borosilicate-BG (RI-B) were added to experimental photoactivated dimethacrylate-based RIs with the aim of investigating the monomer leaching and cytocompatibility. The monomer leaching profile was determined with high-performance liquid chromatography and cytocompatibility evaluation by MTT assay with HEK293 cells on Days 1, 3, and 7. The cell morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. A one-way ANOVA and repeated measurement analysis were used for statistical analysis. The monomer leaching was greater on Day 1 and relatively reduced with time, whereby a nonsignificant difference was found within the group at each time interval. The cell viability was significantly high for the RI-B group, followed by the RI-F and RI-S groups. The cells showed proliferation and attachment on the sample's surface, which confirmed the compatibility behavior. The experimental RIs based on BGs showed biocompatible behavior, whereby the RI-B group showed better results than the RI-F and RI-S groups.