Multi-Objective Mixed-Integer Linear Programming for Dynamic Fleet Scheduling, Multi-Modal Transport Optimization, and Risk-Aware Logistics

Transportation planning is a complex process that aims to achieve the maximum level of effectiveness in terms of costs, usage of transport resources, reliability of deliveries, and minimizing the negative impact on the environment. Most traditional models focus on cost minimization at the expense of risk, road dynamics, and emissions constraints. In contrast, the current paper presents a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model for scheduling fleets, selecting transportation modes in multiple modes of transportation, and meeting emissions regulation requirements according to dynamic transportation requirements. Risk-aware routing and taking the factor of congestion and CO₂ emission limits proposed by the government into consideration, this model can offer a more efficient and flexible optimization strategy. From the case study, we observe the significant result that the proposed model achieves, a 23% reduction in transport costs, a 25% improvement in fleet use, a 33.3% decrease in the delivery delay, and a 24.6% decrease in CO₂ emissions. The model dynamically delivers shipments utilizing both road and rail transportation and improves mode choice by minimizing idle vehicle time. This is confirmed through sensitivity analysis which addresses factors such as traffic congestion, changing fuel prices, and changing environmental standards.