Plastinated Specimens versus Plastic Models of the Upper Limb: Performance, Outcomes, and Preferences in Anatomy Education

Background: Traditional cadaveric dissection is central to anatomy education, but presents ethical, logistical, and practical challenges. This study explores alternative teaching modalities by comparing plastinated specimens (PSs) and plastic models (PMs) in teaching upper limb musculoskeletal anatomy to allied health students. Hence, a study was done to assess the effectiveness of PSs versus PMs in improving student performance and perceptions in upper limb anatomy education. Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted with 133 undergraduate allied health students, randomly assigned to two groups: one using PSs and the other using PMs. Student performance was evaluated through theory and practical examinations. In addition, a structured survey assessed student perceptions of the instructional modalities. Results: Students in the PS group scored significantly higher in both theoretical and practical assessments compared to those in the PM group. Survey responses indicated a strong student preference for PSs, citing enhanced clinical relevance and increased motivation. PMs were recognized for their simplicity and ease of handling. Conclusion: PSs appear more effective than PMs in facilitating knowledge retention and clinical application in anatomy education. An integrated approach employing both modalities is recommended to address varied learning preferences. Future studies should expand to other anatomical regions and student cohorts to validate these findings.