Recent Advances in Engineering Functional Catalysts toward Multicomponent VOC Purification under Reality

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have caused serious harm to human health and the ecological environment. As a promising strategy, the catalytic oxidation of VOCs into harmless products such as H₂O and CO₂ has been widely employed. Although many catalysts have been developed for VOC decomposition, the design and synthesis of functional catalysts toward multicomponent VOC purification in industrial exhaust gas under reality remains a great challenge. In the actual vent, the composition of multicomponent VOCs is complex and impurities such as NO_x, SO₂, and H₂O are also present. Traditional catalysts often suffer from poor stability, deactivation by impurities, and inefficient oxidation of complex VOC mixtures in industrial settings. Addressing these challenges requires a deeper understanding of the fundamental mechanisms and advanced catalyst design strategies. Therefore, elucidating the mechanism of multicomponent VOC oxidation and revealing the influential behavior of impurities are urgently required to guide researchers on how to synthesize effective and stable catalysts proactively for multicomponent VOC purification under reality. Accordingly, this review systematically summarizes the recent advances in the engineering of highly active and durable catalysts for the oxidation of multicomponent VOCs. The experimental and theoretical studies revealing the mixing effects occurring in the catalytic oxidation process of multicomponent VOCs are also highlighted. Further development of and research on catalysts to be adopted in multipollutant controlling are proposed. This review can help researchers to better understand the catalytic elimination of multicomponent VOCs and provide a great foundation for future design and practical industrial application of VOC oxidation catalysts.