TY - JOUR
T1 - Respiratory muscle weakness, reduced exercise capacity, and impaired lung functions in long-term post-COVID-19 patients
AU - Salem, Ayad Mohammed
AU - Al Khathlan, Noor
AU - Alogily, Majid
AU - Alharbi, Mohammed
AU - Alsubaei, Naser
AU - Alouhali, Hisham
AU - Alotaibi, Abdullah
AU - Al Hamam, Abdulaziz
AU - Al Ghamdi, Kholoud
AU - Al-Asoom, Lubna
AU - Yar, Talay
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 by Author/s and Licensed by Modestum.
PY - 2025/6
Y1 - 2025/6
N2 - Background: Many post-COVID-19 patients experienced long-term effects with symptoms lasting for more than three months including fatigue and dyspnea. There is scarce information in the literature on respiratory muscle strength, lung functions, exercise capacity, and the degree of dyspnea in long-term post-COVID-19 patients after two years of recovery. Objectives: This study aims to assess respiratory muscle function, lung function, exercise capacity, and respiratory symptoms for two years after COVID-19 infection. Methodology: This is an observational cross-sectional study that included 49 post-COVID-19 patients two years after recovery. Participants were categorized into two groups (hospitalized, n = 18 and non-hospitalized, n = 31). Maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), a six-minute walk test, and pulmonary function tests, were performed to assess ventilation function and exertion intolerance. The presence of respiratory symptoms was evaluated using the St. George’s respiratory questionnaire. Results: Diffusion impairment was the most common lung function abnormality found among all post-COVID-19 patients (32%) followed by restrictive pattern (19%). Two percent showed small airway disease, and no obstructive patterns were found. A reduced exercise capacity (the six-minute walk distance < 85% of predicted value) was found in 44% of post-COVID-19 patients. Respiratory muscle weakness was reported in twenty post-COVID-19 patients (41%), and MIP and MEP were significantly lower than predicted values (p < 0.001). Dyspnea was the most experienced respiratory symptom with (42%) followed by cough (22%) and wheezing (8%). Conclusion: Our findings showed low exercise capacity, abnormal lung functions, and respiratory muscle weakness in post-COVID-19 patients two years after recovery. We strongly recommend periodic lung function and respiratory muscle testing in symptomatic post-COVID-19 patients.
AB - Background: Many post-COVID-19 patients experienced long-term effects with symptoms lasting for more than three months including fatigue and dyspnea. There is scarce information in the literature on respiratory muscle strength, lung functions, exercise capacity, and the degree of dyspnea in long-term post-COVID-19 patients after two years of recovery. Objectives: This study aims to assess respiratory muscle function, lung function, exercise capacity, and respiratory symptoms for two years after COVID-19 infection. Methodology: This is an observational cross-sectional study that included 49 post-COVID-19 patients two years after recovery. Participants were categorized into two groups (hospitalized, n = 18 and non-hospitalized, n = 31). Maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), a six-minute walk test, and pulmonary function tests, were performed to assess ventilation function and exertion intolerance. The presence of respiratory symptoms was evaluated using the St. George’s respiratory questionnaire. Results: Diffusion impairment was the most common lung function abnormality found among all post-COVID-19 patients (32%) followed by restrictive pattern (19%). Two percent showed small airway disease, and no obstructive patterns were found. A reduced exercise capacity (the six-minute walk distance < 85% of predicted value) was found in 44% of post-COVID-19 patients. Respiratory muscle weakness was reported in twenty post-COVID-19 patients (41%), and MIP and MEP were significantly lower than predicted values (p < 0.001). Dyspnea was the most experienced respiratory symptom with (42%) followed by cough (22%) and wheezing (8%). Conclusion: Our findings showed low exercise capacity, abnormal lung functions, and respiratory muscle weakness in post-COVID-19 patients two years after recovery. We strongly recommend periodic lung function and respiratory muscle testing in symptomatic post-COVID-19 patients.
KW - COVID-19
KW - exercise capacity
KW - long-COVID-19
KW - maximal respiratory pressures
KW - pulmonary function tests
KW - six-min walk test
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105003762205
U2 - 10.29333/ejgm/16228
DO - 10.29333/ejgm/16228
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:105003762205
SN - 2516-3507
VL - 22
JO - Electronic Journal of General Medicine
JF - Electronic Journal of General Medicine
IS - 3
M1 - em646
ER -
