Synergistic Gold Nanorod-based Chemo-Photothermal Therapy: A Promising Nanoparticle Approach for Refractory Multidrug-Resistant Cancer

Multidrug resistance (MDR) remains a formidable challenge in cancer treatment, necessitating innovative strategies to enhance therapeutic outcomes. This review explores the potential of a synergistic gold nanorod (GNR) therapy (SGNRT) utilizing GNRs as multifunctional platforms for co-delivering chemotherapy and thermal therapies. The rational design of SGNRT systems enables targeted payload delivery, circumvention of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette drug efflux transporters, and hyperthermia-induced chemo sensitization. In vitro studies demonstrate the synergistic impact of SGNRT in overcoming MDR, emphasizing its potential for enhanced antitumor efficacy. However, further in vivo investigations are essential to assess the clinical viability of this nanoparticle (NP)-directed approach against advanced multidrug-resistant malignancies. The integration of SGNRT holds promise for advancing precision cancer therapies and addressing the intricate challenges of drug resistance in clinical settings.