Synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives and their antiglycation, antioxidant, antiurease and molecular docking study

Diabetes and ulcer are the major health problems all over the world. The present study reports synthesis and bio-evaluation of 19 benzimidazole analogs in search of antiglycation, antioxidant and antiulcer agents. The synthetic analogs were characterized using ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and HR-EIMS. All compounds were checked for their antiglycation, antiurease and antioxidant activities. The fluorophenyl benzimidazole analogs 12–14 strongly inhibited glycation with IC₅₀ values ranging from 142 µM to 193 µM. The same fluorophenyl analogs (12–14) were also found to exhibit the highest antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ values ranging from 1.2 µM to 6.6 µM which further highlights the significance of these bioactive analogs. The dihydroxyphenyl analogs 6–9 demonstrated the most potent enzyme inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ values ranging from 3.10 µM to 5.90 µM. Molecular docking studies were performed on the active analogs to investigate their interactions with the urease enzyme and provide a plausible explanation for their observed urease inhibitory activity.