Construct validity and internal reliability of the healthcare provider performance scale

Background: Assessing healthcare provider performance factors (HCPP) is crucial for enhancing the quality of healthcare services and the overall effectiveness of the healthcare system. Existing measurement tools often focus on limited aspects of factors independently and fail to comprehensively capture the organizational and individual factors influencing performance across diverse healthcare settings. To address this gap, this study developed and validated a multidimensional tool to assess HCPP across diverse settings. Methods: The validation process involved a two-phase analysis, in which Phase 1 used Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to establish the initial factorial structure and Cronbach's alpha to assess preliminary internal consistency reliability, while Phase 2 employed Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to evaluate the model's fit, composite reliability, and construct convergent and discriminant validity. Results: EFA identified six factors consisting of Feedback and Organizational Support (FOS), Environment and Tools (ET), Incentives and Consequences (IC), Health Status (HS), Work-Family Conflict (WFC), and Healthcare Provider Performance (HCP),.explaining 63.7% of the total variance. The reliability of the scale was high (Cronbach's α = 0.837), with domains’ subscales ranging from 0.793 to 0.906. CFA confirmed the six-factor model with acceptable indices fit (CFI = 0.91, RMSEA = 0.08, GFI = 0.91). All factors loading exceeded 0.60 (p < 0.001). CR values ranged from 0.765 to 0.910, and AVE values supported the convergent validity (0.583–0.736). Discriminant for most of the constructs was established. Conclusion: The HCPP scale demonstrates acceptable psychometric properties, including acceptable reliability, factorial structure, and construct validity. The tool provides a robust measurement for assessing the factors associated with healthcare provider performance concerning individual and contextual-level determinants.