Dispensing and counseling practices of topical antibiotics among community pharmacists in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

Background: Improper use of topical antibiotics contributes significantly to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Objective: This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of community pharmacists in Saudi Arabia regarding the dispensing of topical antibiotics. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in January 2024 among 233 community pharmacists using descriptive and logistic regression analyses. Results: Although 82% of participants recognized that inappropriate dispensing contributes to AMR, 69.1% incorrectly believed dispensing without a prescription is legal. Significant knowledge gaps were identified, with 90% unable to identify correct indications for several common formulations. Counseling barriers included time constraints (45%) and negative patient perceptions (53.6%). Conclusions: Despite awareness of AMR risks, substantial gaps in regulatory knowledge and clinical practice persist among community pharmacists. Targeted educational interventions and stricter enforcement of prescription-only regulations are essential to promote responsible use and safeguard public health.