Efficacy of herbal medications in managing painful post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathy: a systematic review of studies in rodents

Background: Post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathy is conventionally treated with pharmacologic medications such as carbamazepine. Studies have reported that herbal medications (HM) exhibit antinociceptive properties and are helpful in managing painful post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathy (PPTTN). Objective: The purpose is to systematically review preclinical studies that assessed the antinociceptive efficacy of HM in managing PPTTN. Methods: The focused question was “Can HM reduce PPTTN-related nociception?” A comprehensive search of indexed literature was performed up to and including November 2025. Various keywords were used in different combinations using Boolean operators: Original studies that evaluated the effects of HM on PPTTN-related nociception were included. Study protocols, reviews, editorials, case reports/series, observational studies, and letters-to-the-editor were excluded. The risk of bias (RoB) and quality of evidence were assessed. Results: Four studies on rodents were included. Three studies were performed in rats and one in mice. Protocols for experimental neuropathic pain induction, HM type and delivery and outcome variables were inconsistent in all studies. All studies reported that HM increase the induced pain thresholds in animals with induced PPTTN. Sample-size estimation was performed in none of the studies. The RoB and quality of evidence were graded as “high” and “very low”, respectively. Conclusion: The antinociceptive efficacy of HM in the management of experimentally induced PPTTN remains inconclusive, primarily due to methodological inconsistencies within the existing literature. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023486191.