Multifunctional Properties of Dy₂O₃-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles: Optical, Dielectric, and Antibacterial Performance

Dy₂O₃-doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized via a solid-state method to enhance their multifunctional properties for advanced applications in electronics and biomedicine. Characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and dielectric spectroscopy revealed significant structural, optical, and dielectric improvements. XRD confirmed the coexistence of wurtzite ZnO and minor Dy₂O₃ phases, with structural integrity maintained as physical mixtures. Optical analysis showed a slight bandgap narrowing from 3.3 eV to 3.2 eV, contributing to enhanced electronic performance. Dielectric studies demonstrated improved conductivity and reduced losses at high frequencies, underscoring the material’s suitability for advanced electronic applications. Furthermore, antibacterial assays revealed notable activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, particularly in surfactant mediums, highlighting the material’s potential as an effective antimicrobial agent against gram-negative pathogens. These results establish Dy: ZnO composites as versatile materials, offering a dual advantage for cutting-edge electronic devices and targeted antimicrobial strategies.