The Future of Artificial Intelligence in Emergency Medical Services by 2030: An International Consensus Report

Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) is an application of digital technology with considerable potential to improve quality, safety, and access; however, research on the future of AI in the health-care system and specifically emergency medical services (EMS) remains limited. The aim of this research is to anticipate the possible effects of using this technology on EMS. Methods: A Delphi panel was recruited based on proven international expertise in EMS to contribute to an iterative consensus-based Delphi study design. Data collection was initiated in September 2024 and ended in March 2025. Results: The 3-round study involved 27 expert participants and a 3-member steering group and was concluded at round 3, with 7 items not reaching consensus. The final result included 81 items with expert consensus divided into 6 EMS domains, namely communication, clinical, education, management, operations, and ethics. Conclusion: The forecasted items, although with a limited number of experts, provide an insightful model for an in-depth understanding of the future of AI in EMS and other health care, educational, and associated industries.